Nageshwar Thakur vs State Of H.P. & Another on 26 June, 2025

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Himachal Pradesh High Court

Nageshwar Thakur vs State Of H.P. & Another on 26 June, 2025

CRMMO/258/2016

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA

Cr. MMO No. 153 of 2017
Reserved on: 27.05.2025

.

                                                 Date of Decision: 26.06.2025





       Nageshwar Thakur                                                  ....Petitioner





                                                   Versus

       State of H.P. & another                                          .... Respondents





       Coram

Hon’ble Mr Justice Rakesh Kainthla, Judge.

       Whether approved for reporting? No

        For the Petitioner               :     Mr. Surya Chauhan, Advocate

        For Respondents                  :     Mr.   Ajit  Sharma,                   Deputy
                                               Advocate      General,                   for
                                               respondent No.1/State.



                                               Mr.   Sanjeev    Bhushan, Sr.
                                               Advocate, with Mr. Sparsh




                                               Bhushan,      Advocate    for





                                               respondent No.2.





____________________
1

Whether reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment? Yes.

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Rakesh Kainthla, Judge
The present petition has been filed by the petitioner for

quashing of F.I.R. No. 118 of 2016, dated 22.04.2016 registered at

.

Police Station Balh, District Mandi, H.P for the commission of

offences punishable under Sections 341, 323, 354, 451, 504, and

506 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code(IPC) and the

consequential proceedings arising out of the said F.I.R.

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present

petition are that the informant made a complaint to the police

stating that she was present in her courtyard on 22.04.2016 at 8:45

p.m., when petitioner Nageshwar started uprooting the cement

poles erected on Khasra No. 222. She objected. Prem Singh caught

her breast and hit her with a stone. She shouted for help. Amar

Singh and Meera Devi came to the spot and rescued her. She

reported the matter to the police. The Police registered the F.I.R.

and conducted the investigation.

3. Being aggrieved by the registration of the F.I.R., the

petitioner has filed the present petition, asserting that the F.I.R. is

an abuse of the process of law. The encroachment proceedings

were initiated against the informant and her husband based on the

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complaint filed by the petitioner. An eviction order was passed

against the informant and her husband. They had a grudge against

the petitioner and his family members. They trespassed into the

.

land owned by the petitioner and threatened the petitioner with

dire consequences. They also gave him beatings. F.I.R. No. 117 of

2016 was registered against the informant and his family members.

A false story of molestation was made against the petitioner.

Therefore, it was prayed that the present petition be allowed and

F.I.R. and consequential proceedings arising out of the said F.I.R. be

quashed.

4. The petition is opposed by respondent No.1/State by

filing a reply making a preliminary submission regarding the lack

of maintainability. It was asserted that the petitioner is the owner

of Khasra No. 222 and a joint owner of Khasra No. 221/2 situated in

Village Baggi, Tehsil Balh, District Mandi, H.P. It was admitted that

F.I.R. No.117 of 2016 and F.I.R. No. 118 of 2016 were registered at the

instance of the parties. A charge sheet was filed before the Court

after the investigation, and the matter is pending before the

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competent Court. Hence, it was prayed that the present petition be

dismissed.

5. A separate reply was filed by respondent

.

No.2/informant, making preliminary submissions regarding the

petitioner having not come to the Court with clean hands. It was

asserted that the informant and her husband filed a civil writ

petition regarding the encroachment. The encroachments were

ordered to be removed. The incident was recorded by the

petitioner’s child on his mobile. Video recording shows that an

injury was caused to the informant. The police discarded the CD.

Therefore, it was prayed that the present petition be dismissed.

6. I have heard Mr. Surya Chauhan, learned counsel for the

petitioner, Mr. Ajit Sharma, learned Deputy Advocate General, for

respondent No.1/State and Mr. Sanjeev Bhushan, learned Senior

Counsel, assisted by Mr. Sparsh Bhushan, Advocate, for respondent

No.2.

7. Mr. Surya Chauhan, learned counsel for the

petitioner,submitted that the F.I.R. was lodged as a counterblast to

the F.I.R. lodged by the informant, which is apparent from the fact

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that the F.I.R. lodged by the informant was prior in time. The

police obtained demarcation and found that a concrete wall and

two poles existed on Khasra No.222 owned by the petitioner. This

.

shows the truthfulness of the F.I.R. lodged by the petitioner and the

falsity of the F.I.R. lodged by the informant. Therefore, he prayed

that the present petition be allowed and the F.I.R. and

consequential proceedings arising out of the present F.I.R. be

quashed.

8. Mr. Ajit Sharma, learned Deputy Advocate General for

respondent No.1/State, submitted that the police investigated both

the F.I.R.s and filed the charge-sheet after completion of the

investigation. The allegations in the F.I.R. show the cognizable

offence, and the learned Trial Court is seized of the matter. This

Court should not exercise the inherent jurisdiction to quash the

F.I.R. Hence, he prayed that the present petition be dismissed.

9. Mr. Sanjeev Bhushan, learned Senior Counsel for

respondent No.2,submitted that the incident was video recorded

with the help of a mobile, and it shows that the petitioner is

causing injury to the head of the informant with a stone. This

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corroborates the version in the F.I.R. Merely because the F.I.R. was

registered at an earlier point in time cannot lead to an inference

that the subsequent F.I.R. is false. Therefore, he prayed that the

.

present petition be dismissed.

10. I have given considerable thought to the submissions

made at the bar and have gone through the records carefully.

11. The law relating to quashing of criminal cases was

2025 SCC OnLine SC 7 as under: –

r to
explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in B.N. John v. State of U.P.,

“7. As far as the quashing of criminal cases is concerned, it is
now more or less well settled as regards the principles to be
applied by the court. In this regard, one may refer to the

decision of this Court in State of Haryana v. Ch. Bhajan
Lal
, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335, wherein this Court has
summarised some of the principles under which

FIR/complaints/criminal cases could be quashed in the
following words:

“102. In the backdrop of the interpretation of the various
relevant provisions of the Code under Chapter XIV and of

the principles of law enunciated by this Court in a series
of decisions relating to the exercise of the extraordinary
power under Article 226 or the inherent powers under
Section 482 of the Code which we have extracted and
reproduced above, we give the following categories of
cases by way of illustration wherein such power could be
exercised either to prevent abuse of the process of any
court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice, though it

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may not be possible to lay down any precise, clearly
defined and sufficiently channelised and inflexible
guidelines or rigid formulae and to give an exhaustive list
of myriad kinds of cases wherein such power should be
exercised.

.

(1) Where the allegations made in the first information
report or the complaint, even if they are taken at their
face value and accepted in their entirety, do not prima

facie constitute any offence or make out a case against
the accused.

(2) Where the allegations in the first information
report and other materials, if any, accompanying

the FIR do not disclose a cognizable offence,
justifying an investigation by police officers under
Section 156(1) of the Code except under an order of
a Magistrate within the purview of Section 155(2) of

the Code.

(3) Where the uncontroverted allegations made in
the FIR or complaint and the evidence collected in
support of the same do not disclose the

commission of any offence and make out a case
against the accused.

(4) Where the allegations in the FIR do not constitute a

cognizable offence but constitute only a non-

cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by a

police officer without an order of a Magistrate as
contemplated under Section 155(2) of the Code.

(5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or
complaint are so absurd and inherently improbable
on the basis of which no prudent person can ever
reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient
ground for proceeding against the accused.
(6) Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in
any of the provisions of the Code or the concerned Act

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(under which a criminal proceeding is instituted) to
the institution and continuance of the proceedings
and/or where there is a specific provision in the Code
or the concerned Act, providing efficacious redress for
the grievance of the aggrieved party.

.

(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly
attended with mala fide and/or where the
proceeding is maliciously instituted with an

ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the
accused and with a view to spite him due to a
private and personal grudge.” (emphasis added)

8. Of the aforesaid criteria, clause no. (1), (4) and (6) would

be of relevance to us in this case.

In clause (1) it has been mentioned that where the
allegations made in the first information report or the

complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and

accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any
offence or make out a case against the accused, then the FIR
or the complaint can be quashed.

As per clause (4), where the allegations in the FIR do not

constitute a cognizable offence but constitute only a non-
cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by a police
officer without an order dated by the Magistrate as

contemplated under Section 155 (2) of the CrPC, and in such
a situation, the FIR can be quashed.

Similarly, as provided under clause (6), if there is an express
legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions of the CrPC or the

concerned Act under which the criminal proceedings are
instituted, such proceedings can be quashed.”

12. This position was reiterated in Ajay Malik v. State of

Uttarakhand, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 185, wherein it was observed:

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“8. It is well established that a High Court, in exercising its
extraordinary powers under Section 482 of the CrPC, may
issue orders to prevent the abuse of court processes or to
secure the ends of justice. These inherent powers are neither
controlled nor limited by any other statutory provision.

.

However, given the broad and profound nature of this

authority, the High Court must exercise it sparingly. The
conditions for invoking such powers are embedded

within Section 482 of the CrPC itself, allowing the High
Court to act only in cases of clear abuse of process or where
intervention is essential to uphold the ends of justice.

9. It is in this backdrop that this Court, over the

course of several decades, has laid down the principles and
guidelines that High Courts must follow before quashing
criminal proceedings at the threshold, thereby pre-empting
the Prosecution from building its case before the Trial Court.

The grounds for quashing, inter alia, contemplate the

following situations : (i) the criminal complaint has been
filed with mala fides; (ii) the FIR represents an abuse of the
legal process; (iii) no prima facie offence is made out; (iv) the
dispute is civil in nature; (v.) the complaint contains vague

and omnibus allegations; and (vi) the parties are willing to
settle and compound the dispute amicably (State of Haryana
v. Bhajan Lal
, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335).

13. It was held in State of Karnataka v. L. Muniswamy (1977)

2 SCC 699: 1977 SCC (Cri) 404 that the High Court can quash the

criminal proceedings if they amount to an abuse of the process of

the Court. It was observed on page 703:

“7. … In the exercise of this wholesome power, the High
Court is entitled to quash a proceeding if it comes to the
conclusion that allowing the proceeding to continue would
be an abuse of the process of the Court or that the ends of

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justice require that the proceeding ought to be quashed. The
saving of the High Court’s inherent powers, both in civil and
criminal matters, is designed to achieve a salutary public
purpose, which is that a court proceeding ought not to be
permitted to degenerate into a weapon of harassment or

.

persecution. In a criminal case, the veiled object behind a

lame prosecution, the very nature of the material on which
the structure of the prosecution rests, and the like would

justify the High Court in quashing the proceeding in the
interest of justice. The ends of justice are higher than the
ends of mere law, though justice has got to be administered
according to laws made by the legislature. The compelling
necessity for making these observations is that without a

proper realisation of the object and purpose of the provision
which seeks to save the inherent powers of the High Court to
do justice, between the State and its subjects, it would be

impossible to appreciate the width and contours of that

salient jurisdiction.”

14. The term abuse of the process was explained in

Chandran Ratnaswami v. K.C. Palanisamy, (2013) 6 SCC 740: (2014) 1

SCC (Cri) 447: 2013 SCC OnLine SC 450 at page 761:

33. The doctrine of abuse of process of court and the remedy
of refusal to allow the trial to proceed is a well-established

and recognised doctrine both by the English courts and
courts in India. There are some established principles of law

which bar the trial when there appears to be an abuse of the
process of the court.

34. Lord Morris in Connelly v. Director of Public
Prosecutions[1964 AC 1254 : (1964) 2 WLR 1145 : (1964) 2 All ER
401 (HL)], observed: (AC pp. 1301-02)
“There can be no doubt that a court which is endowed
with a particular jurisdiction has powers which are

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necessary to enable it to act effectively within such
jurisdiction. … A court must enjoy such powers in order to
enforce its rules of practice and to suppress any abuses of
its process and to defeat any attempted thwarting of its
process.

.

***
The power (which is inherent in a court’s jurisdiction) to
prevent abuses of its process and to control its procedure

must in a criminal court include a power to safeguard an
accused person from oppression or prejudice.”
In his separate pronouncement, Lord Delvin in the same case

observed that where particular criminal proceedings
constitute an abuse of process, the court is empowered to
refuse to allow the indictment to proceed to trial.

35. In Hui Chi-ming v. R. [(1992) 1 AC 34 : (1991) 3 WLR 495 :

(1991) 3 All ER 897 (PC)], the Privy Council defined the word

“abuse of process” as something so unfair and wrong with
the prosecution that the court should not allow a prosecutor
to proceed with what is, in all other respects, a perfectly
supportable case.

36. In the leading case of R. v. Horseferry Road Magistrates’
Court, ex p Bennett [(1994) 1 AC 42 : (1993) 3 WLR 90 : (1993) 3

All ER 138 (HL)], on the application of the abuse of process,
the court confirms that an abuse of process justifying the

stay of prosecution could arise in the following
circumstances:

(i) where it would be impossible to give the accused a fair

trial; or

(ii) where it would amount to misuse/manipulation of the
process because it offends the court’s sense of justice and
propriety to be asked to try the accused in the
circumstances of the particular case.

37. In R. v. Derby Crown Court, ex p Brooks [(1984) 80 Cr App R
164 (DC)], Lord Chief Justice Ormrod stated:

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“It may be an abuse of process if either (a) the
prosecution has manipulated or misused the process of
the court to deprive the defendant of a protection
provided by law or to take unfair advantage of a
technicality, or (b) on the balance of probability the

.

defendant has been, or will be, prejudiced in the

preparation of conduct of his defence by delay on the part
of the prosecution which is unjustifiable.”

38. Neill, L.J. in R. v. Beckford (Anthony) [(1996) 1 Cr App R 94:

1995 RTR 251 (CA)], observed that:

“The jurisdiction to stay can be exercised in many
different circumstances. Nevertheless, two main strands

can be detected in the authorities: (a) cases where the
court concludes that the defendant cannot receive a fair
trial; (b) cases where the court concludes that it would be
unfair for the defendant to be tried.”

What is unfair and wrong will be for the court to determine
on the individual facts of each case.

15. It was held in Mahmood Ali v. State of U.P., (2023) 15 SCC

488: 2023 SCC OnLine SC 950 that where the proceedings are

frivolous or vexatious, the Court owes a duty to quash them.

However, the Court cannot appreciate the material while

exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 of the CrPC. It was

observed at page 498:

13. In frivolous or vexatious proceedings, the Court owes a
duty to look into many other attending circumstances
emerging from the record of the case over and above the
averments and, if need be, with due care and circumspection,
try to read in between the lines. The Court, while exercising
its jurisdiction under Section 482CrPC or Article 226 of the

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Constitution, need not restrict itself only to the stage of a
case but is empowered to take into account the overall
circumstances leading to the initiation/registration of the
case as well as the materials collected in the course of
investigation. Take, for instance, the case at hand. Multiple

.

FIRs have been registered over a period of time. It is in the

background of such circumstances that the registration of
multiple FIRs assumes importance, thereby attracting the

issue of wreaking vengeance out of private or personal
grudge, as alleged.

14.State of A.P. v. Golconda Linga Swamy [State of
A.P.
v. Golconda Linga Swamy, (2004) 6 SCC 522: 2004 SCC

(Cri) 1805], a two-judge Bench of this Court elaborated on
the types of materials the High Court can assess to quash an
FIR. The Court drew a fine distinction between consideration
of materials that were tendered as evidence and appreciation

of such evidence. Only such material that manifestly fails to

prove the accusation in the FIR can be considered for
quashing an FIR. The Court held : (Golconda Linga Swamy
case [State of A.P. v. Golconda Linga Swamy, (2004) 6 SCC 522:

2004 SCC (Cri) 1805], SCC p. 527, paras 5-7)

“5. … Authority of the court exists for the advancement of
justice, and if any attempt is made to abuse that authority

so as to produce injustice, the court has power to prevent
such abuse. It would be an abuse of the process of the

court to allow any action which would result in injustice
and prevent the promotion of justice. In the exercise of its
powers court would be justified in quashing any

proceeding if it finds that initiation or continuance of it
amounts to abuse of the process of the court or quashing
of these proceedings would otherwise serve the ends of
justice. When no offence is disclosed by the complaint,
the court may examine the question of fact. When a
complaint is sought to be quashed, it is permissible to look
into the materials to assess what the complainant has alleged

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and whether any offence is made out, even if the allegations
are accepted in toto.

6. In R.P. Kapur v. State of Punjab [R.P. Kapur v. State of
Punjab, 1960 SCC OnLine SC 21: AIR 1960 SC 866], this Court

.

summarised some categories of cases where inherent

power can and should be exercised to quash the
proceedings : (SCC OnLine SC para 6)

(i) where it manifestly appears that there is a legal bar

against the institution or continuance, e.g. want of
sanction;

(ii) where the allegations in the first information

report or complaint taken at their face value and
accepted in their entirety do not constitute the offence
alleged;

(iii) where the allegations constitute an offence, but there

is no legal evidence adduced or the evidence adduced

clearly or manifestly fails to prove the charge.

7. In dealing with the last category, it is important to bear in
mind the distinction between a case where there is no legal

evidence or where there is evidence which is clearly
inconsistent with the accusations made, and a case where
there is legal evidence which, on appreciation, may or may

not support the accusations. When exercising jurisdiction
under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court would not

ordinarily embark upon an enquiry whether the evidence in
question is reliable or not or whether, on a reasonable
appreciation of it,the accusation would not be sustained. That

is the function of the trial Judge. The judicial process, no
doubt, should not be an instrument of oppression or
needless harassment. The court should be circumspect
and judicious in exercising discretion and should take all
relevant facts and circumstances into consideration
before issuing the process, lest it would be an instrument
in the hands of a private complainant to unleash vendetta
to harass any person needlessly. At the same time, the

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section is not an instrument handed over to an accused to
short-circuit a prosecution and bring about its sudden
death.” (emphasis supplied)

16. The present petition is to be decided as per the

.

parameters laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court.

17. The allegations in the F.I.R. show that Prem Singh,

Nageshwar Thakur, and another person started uprooting the

cement pole.When the informant objected, they caught hold of her

breasts and inflicted an injury with a stone. The video recording

played in the Court shows a quarrel between the parties, and injury

being inflicted on the head of the informant with a stone. This

recording prima facie corroborates the part of the informant’s

version regarding the infliction of the injury.

18. It was submitted that F.I.R. No.117 of 2016 was

registered earlier, and the present F.I.R. was lodged as a

counterblast to F.I.R. No.117 of 2016. This is a matter of trial and is

to be decided after examining the evidence. It cannot be said at this

stage that the earlier F.I.R. is to be taken as correct and the

subsequent F.I.R. is to be treated as false. The Court exercising the

jurisdiction under Section 482 of Cr.P.C., (corresponding to 528 of

BNNS) does not conduct the mini-trial to determine the

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truthfulness or otherwise of the allegations contained in the F.I.R.

It was laid down in Maneesha Yadav v. State of U.P., 2024 SCC OnLine

SC 643, that the Court exercising inherent jurisdiction to quash the

.

FIR cannot go into the truthfulness or otherwise of the allegations.

It was observed: –

“13. As has already been observed hereinabove, the Court
would not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the
reliability or genuineness or otherwise of the allegations

made in the FIR or the complaint at the stage of quashing of
the proceedings under Section 482 Cr. P.C. However, the
allegations made in the FIR/complaint, if taken at their face

value, must disclose the commission of an offence and make

out a case against the accused. At the cost of repetition, in the
present case, the allegations made in the FIR/complaint,
even if taken at their face value, do not disclose the
commission of an offence or make out a case against the

accused. We are of the considered view that the present case
would fall under Category-3 of the categories enumerated by
this Court in the case of Bhajan Lal (supra).

14. We may gainfully refer to the observations of this Court in
the case of Anand Kumar Mohatta v. State (NCT of Delhi),

Department of Home (2019) 11 SCC 706: 2018 INSC 1060:

“14. First, we would like to deal with the submission of

the learned Senior Counsel for Respondent 2 that once
the charge sheet is filed, the petition for quashing of
the FIR is untenable. We do not see any merit in this
submission, keeping in mind the position of this Court
in Joseph Salvaraj A. v. State of Gujarat [Joseph Salvaraj
A.
v. State of Gujarat, (2011) 7 SCC 59: (2011) 3 SCC (Cri)
23]. In Joseph Salvaraj A. [Joseph Salvaraj A. v. State of
Gujarat
, (2011) 7 SCC 59: (2011) 3 SCC (Cri) 23], this

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Court while deciding the question of whether the High
Court could entertain the Section 482 petition for
quashing of FIR when the charge-sheet was filed by
the police during the pendency of the Section 482
petition, observed: (SCC p. 63, para 16)

.

“16. Thus, the general conspectus of the various
sections under which the appellant is being
charged and is to be prosecuted would show that

the same is not made out even prima facie from
the complainant’s FIR. Even if the charge sheet
had been filed, the learned Single Judge [Joesph
Saivaraj A. v. State of Gujarat, 2007 SCC OnLine Guj

365] could have still examined whether the
offences alleged to have been committed by the
appellant were prima facie made out from the
complainant’s FIR, charge-sheet, documents, etc.

or not.”

19. It was laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in

Dharambeer Kumar Singh v. State of Jharkhand, (2025) 1 SCC 392:

2024 SCC OnLine SC 1894 that the Court cannot conduct a mini-trial

while exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 of CrPC. It was

observed at page 397:

“17. This Court, in a series of judgments, has held that while

exercising inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 of the
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, the High Court is not
supposed to hold a mini-trial. A profitable reference can be
made to the judgment in CBI v. Aryan Singh [CBI v. Aryan
Singh, (2023) 18 SCC 399: 2023 SCC OnLine SC 379]. The
relevant paragraph from the judgment is extracted
hereunder: (SCC paras 6-7)

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6. … As per the cardinal principle of law, at the stage of
discharge and/or quashing of the criminal proceedings,
while exercising the powers under Section 482CrPC, the
Court is not required to conduct the mini-trial. …

.

7. … At the stage of discharge and/or while exercising the

powers under Section 482CrPC, the Court has very limited
jurisdiction and is required to consider ‘whether any
sufficient material is available to proceed further against

the accused for which the accused is required to be tried
or not’.”

20. It was held in Punit Beriwala v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2025

SCC OnLine SC 983, that the Court exercising jurisdiction under

Section 482 of CrPC has to treat the allegations in the FIR as

correct. It was observed: –

“29. It is settled law that the power of quashing of a
complaint/FIR should be exercised sparingly with
circumspection, and while exercising this power, the Court

must believe the averments and allegations in the
complaint to be true and correct. It has been repeatedly held
that, save in exceptional cases where non-interference

would result in a miscarriage of justice, the Court and the

judicial process should not interfere at the stage of
investigation of offences. Extraordinary and inherent
powers of the Court should not be used in a routine manner

according to its whims or caprice.”

21. Therefore, it is impermissible for this Court to conduct

a mini-trial to determine whether the allegations in the F.I.R. are

correct or not.

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22. The case is pending before the learned Trial Court, and

the learned Trial Court is seized of the matter. It was laid down by

the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Iqbal v. State of U.P., (2023) 8 SCC 734:

.

2023 SCC OnLine SC 949 that when the charge sheet has been filed,

the learned Trial Court should be left to appreciate the same. It was

observed:

“At the same time, we also take notice of the fact that the

investigation has been completed and the charge sheet is
ready to be filed. Although the allegations levelled in the FIR
do not inspire any confidence, particularly in the absence of
any specific date, time, etc. of the alleged offences, we are of

the view that the appellants should prefer a discharge

application before the trial court under Section 227 of the
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). We say so because even
according to the State, the investigation is over and the
charge sheet is ready to be filed before the competent court.

In such circumstances, the trial court should be allowed to
look into the materials which the investigating officer
might have collected forming part of the charge sheet. If

any such discharge application is filed, the trial court shall
look into the materials and take a call whether any

discharge case is made out or not.”

23. No other point was urged.

24. Consequently, the present petition fails, and the same is

dismissed.

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20

CRMMO/258/2016

25. The present petition stands disposed of, and so are the

miscellaneous applications, if any.

26. The observations made herein before shall remain

.

confined to the disposal of the petition and will have no

bearing ,whatsoever, on the merits of the case.






                                       (Rakesh Kainthla)
                                            Judge





26th June, 2025
   (ravinder)        r









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