Meghalaya High Court
Unknown vs Union Of India Represented By The Home on 4 August, 2025
Author: H. S. Thangkhiew
Bench: H. S. Thangkhiew
Serial No. 01
Regular List
HIGH COURT OF MEGHALAYA
AT SHILLONG
MC (WPC) No. 173 of 2021 in
WP(C) No. 496 of 2021
Date of Decision: 04.08.2025
1. Shri. Kmen Myrchiang
Aged About 46 years
S/o Shri. Fidalis Pohrmen
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
2. Smt. Ri Kynti Ryngksai
Aged About 59 years
D/o Mrs Shila Ryngksai
R/o. Dawki, West Jaintia Hills District
3. Shri. Marcony Pohty
Aged About 47 years
S/o (L) K.Khonglah
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District
4. Shri. Tan Khongsling
Aged About 75 years
S/o (L) Lar Kongwang
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District
5. Shri. Aity Syngkrem
Aged About 40 years
D/o(L) Dusimai Syngkrem
R/o. Dawki, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 1 of 24
6. Smt. Empty Syngkrem
Aged About 47 years
D/o(L) Dusimai Syngkrem
R/o. Dawki, West Jaintia Hills District
7. Shri. Konstarwell Lamin
Aged About 62 years
S/o (L) Loris Sumer
R/o. Umkrem, East Khasi Hills District
8. Ms. Morgina Sungoh
Aged About 29years
D/o Tomi Gassah
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
9. Ms. Joysanta Merry Suting
Aged About 23 years
D/o Mrs Esterly Suting
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
10. Shri. Bok Sungoh
Aged About 58 years
S/o (L) Ragon Suchiang
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
11. Shri. Tngen Dhar
Aged About 52 years
S/o (L) We Lakashiang
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
12. Shri. Chobi Shadap
Aged About 56 years
S/o (L) Mrs Arban Shadap
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 2 of 24
13. Shri. Lumlang Pohti
Aged About 37 years
D/o (L) Siangmin Pohti
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District.
14. Smt. Ripa N Pamdhai
Aged About 46 years
D/o (L) Don Lamin
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District.
15. Shri. Har Suting
Aged About 75 years
S/o (L) Onli Suting
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
16. Smt. Tngensiful Lamin
Aged About 58 years
D/o (L) Hatdu Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District.
17. Smt. Jemnud Lamin
Aged About 55 years
D/o (L) Hatdu Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District.
18. Shri. Albert Lakashiang
Aged About 50 years
S/o (L) Kwin Lakashiang
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District.
19. Smt. Pyntngen Lyngdoh Kiri
Aged About 75 years
D/o (L) Iem L Kiri
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 3 of 24
20. Smt. Embhahlang Pohti
Aged About 33 years
D/o Smt. Somorin Pohti
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District.
21. Shri. Denis Shadap
Aged About 45 years
S/o (L) Elbina Shadap
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
22. Smt. Sophie Suting
Aged About 48 years
W/o Bob Sungoh
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
23. Smt. Bina Durong
Aged About 48 years
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
24. Shri. Wanbor Myrchiang
Aged About 64 years
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District.
25. Shri. Udisty Ryngksai
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Lo Ryngksai
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District.
26. Smt. Timai Ryngksai
Aged About 75 years
D/o (L) Lo Ryngksai
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 4 of 24
27. Smt. Philo Tynsong
Aged About 70 years
D/o (L) Sngai Tynsong
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District.
28. Smt. Mediya Pohsnem
Aged About 80 years
D/o (L) Nui Pohsnem
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District.
29. Smt. Poonam Tynsong
Aged About 40 years
D/o Morgina Tynsong
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District.
30. Shri. Brik Tynsong
Aged About 44 years
S/o (L) Kindro Pohti
R/o. Darrang, West Jaintia Hills District.
31. Shri. Comfort Lynthong
Aged About 52 years
S/o (L) Elibon Lynthong
R/o. Amjalong, West Jaintia Hills District.
32. Shri. Marjan Lakashiang
Aged About 32 years
S/o Minchiang Lamin
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
33. Smt. Quality Lakashiang
Aged About 40 years
D/o Airis Lakashiang
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 5 of 24
34. Shri. Use Pamblang
Aged About 28 years
S/o Shri Kiat Khyriem
R/o. Pasadwar, West Jaintia Hills District.
35. Smt. Iaid Khongiong
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) David Mylliem
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
36. Smt. Onika Suting
Aged About 30 years
D/o Mrs Kwe Suting
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
37. Smt. Dap Mylliem
Aged About 48 years
D/o (L) Nit Mylliem
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
38. Smt. Dhar Khongiong
Aged About 45 years
D/o Mrs Pleris Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
39. Smt. Berali Khongiong
Aged About 36 years
D/o Mrs Iaid Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
40. Smt. Moi Mylliem
Aged About 62 years
D/o Mrs Nit Mylliem
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 6 of 24
41. Smt. Bistilda Khongiong
Aged About 50 years
D/o (L) N.Starling Iangrai
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
42. Shri. Kelmon Khongiong
Aged About 30 years
S/o Kynjli Shadap
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
43. Shri. Long Lyngdoh
Aged About 45 years
S/o Shri Bijun Lamare
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
44. Smt. Lostme Lyngdoh
Aged About 45 years
S/o (L) Mrs Deh Lyngdoh
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
45. Shri. Dhone Lyngdoh
Aged About 52 years
D/o (L) Mrs Deh Lyngdoh
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
46. Shri. Mimi Sungoh
Aged About 30 years
S/o Arbili Sungoh
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
47. Shri. Lurshai Khonglah
Aged About 62 years
S/o (L) Bishra Pohshna
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 7 of 24
48. Smt. Oldis Khongiong
Aged About 54 years
D/o (L) David Mylliem
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
49. Shri. Rum Manar
Aged About 49 years
S/o (L) Mrs Be Manar
R/o. Amtapoh, West Jaintia Hills District.
50. Shri. Bolai Sumer
Aged About 46 years
S/o Small Kassar
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
51. Shri. Hedrik Dhar
Aged About 63 years
S/o (L) We Lakashiang
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
52. Smt. Rida Khongiong
Aged About 42 years
D/o Sophir Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
53. Smt. Irinda Khongiong
Aged About 40 years
D/o Morina Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
54. Shri. Saimon Shadap
Aged About 35 years
S/o Sarmen Shadap
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 8 of 24
55. Shri. Mone Shadap
Aged About 45 years
S/o (L) Delilal Joshi
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
56. Smt. Theisolong Suting
Aged About 35 years
D/o Sophie Suting
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
57. Smt. Wiles Khongiong
Aged About 47 years
D/o Kmir Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District
58. Shri. Dar Suting
Aged About 55 years
S/o (L) Biang Mukhim
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
59. Smt. Income Gashnga
Aged About 55 years
D/o (L) Blue Gashnga
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
60. Shri. Biju Shadap
Aged About 40 years
S/o Nayyar Sanmurgam
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 9 of 24
61. Smt. Rihun Khongjoh
Aged About 38 years
D/o Second Khongjoh
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
62. Smt. Hel Suting
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Oli Suting
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
63. Shri. Amin Suting
Aged About 62 years
D/o (L) Oli Suting
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
64. Shri. Moni Khongiong
Aged About 60 years
S/o (L) Rom Pohleng
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
65. Shri. Keni Khongiong
Aged About 50 years
S/o (L) Rom Pohleng
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
66. Smt. Sweetme Khongiong
Aged About 25 years
D/o Samuel Sangma
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
67. Shri. Long Dhar
Aged About 75 years
S/o (L) We Lakashiang
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 10 of 24
68. Smt. Erila Khongiong
Aged About 23 years
D/o Rusty Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
69. Shri. Bren Najiar
Aged About 50 years
S/o (L) Bill Najiar
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
70. Smt. Eral Khongiong
Aged About 37 years
D/o Long Dhar
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
71. Smt. Baribha Khongiong
Aged About 30 years
D/o Pleasetila Khongiong
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
72. Shri. Phumen Shadap
Aged About 75 years
S/o Langtuk Shadap
R/o. Sankhat, West Jaintia Hills District.
73. Smt. Siang Sumer
Aged About 47 years
D/o (L) Bareh Sumer
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District.
74. Smt. Riew Bareh
Aged About 69 years
D/o (L) Long Bareh
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District.
Page 11 of 24
75. Smt. Amvalina Buam
Aged About 41 years
D/o Molini Buam
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District.
76. Smt. Nong Pohtam
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Ron Pohtam
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
77. Shri. Jiten Buam
Aged About 50 years
S/o Phre Pohshna
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
78. Shri. Rajesh Nonglamin
Aged About 39 years
S/o (L) Kulab Nonglamin
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
79. Smt. Teng Manner
Aged About 69 years
D/o (L) Lakhi Manner
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
80. Shri. Hap Dhar
Aged About 63 years
S/o Long Dhar
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District
81. Shri. Firstborn Pohti
Aged About 25 years
S/o (L) Li Sungoh
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 12 of 24
82. Shri. Sarteng Syrty
Aged About 60 years
S/o Sarmen Syrti
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District
83. Shri. Star Timung
Aged About 33 years
S/o (L) Mon Timung
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District
84. Shri. Kongnge Syrti
Aged About 38 years
S/o Sarmen Syrti
R/o. Hawai Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills District
85. Shri. Dictorson Pohplet
Aged About 47 years
S/o Melina Pohplet
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
86. Shri. Rallendar Pohti
Aged About 56 years
S/o C. Lamin
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
87. Smt. Darihun Sumer
Aged About 26 years
D/o Bilty Sumer
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
88. Shri. Ravis Syndai
Aged About 47 years
S/o Mrs Suliang Syndai
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 13 of 24
89. Shri. Benediction Buam
Aged About 40 years
S/o Raphael Khonglah
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
90. Smt. Molini Buam
Aged About 65 years
D/o (L) Syntu Buam
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
91. Smt. Maya Pohlong
Aged About 55 years
D/o (L) Pohbai Pohlong
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
92. Smt. Jingshai Kynsai
Aged About 37 years
D/o Temi Kynsai
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
93. Smt. Sylvinia Buam
Aged About 33 years
D/o (L) Chiang Buam
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
94. Smt. Rmen Lakuna
Aged About 74 years
D/o (L) Smt Nong Lakuna
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
95. Shri. Bin Suting
Aged About 75 years
S/o (L) Phur Surong
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 14 of 24
96. Smt. Merciful Pakyntein
Aged About 46 years
D/o Chiang Pakyntein
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
97. Smt. Lucy Lakashiang
Aged About 47 years
D/o Mary Lakashiang
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
98. Smt. Bailin Syndai
Aged About 63 years
D/o (L) Lakuna Pohbai
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
99. Shri. Willy Pohplet
Aged About 70 years
S/o (L) D. Khyriem
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
100. Smt. Plastic Pala
Aged About 65 years
D/o (L) Eltimai Pala
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
101. Smt. Beautiful Pakyntein
Aged About 54 years
D/o Chiang Pakyntein
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
102. Shri. Wesperson Pohbai
Aged About 45 years
S/o (L) Kilbis Dhar
R/o. Muktapur, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 15 of 24
103. Shri. Burma Lyngdoh
Aged About 70 years
S/o(L) Hat Bareh Pohlynjar
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
104. Ms. Sawandashisha Pohlynjar
Aged About 25 years
D/o Mr. Burma Lyngdoh
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
105. Ms. Shing Lama Myrchiang
Aged About 74 years
D/o Belgium Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
106. Smt. Molida Pamthied
Aged About 67 years
D/o (L) Priss Pamthied
R/o. Amjalong, West Jaintia Hills District
107. Smti. Cicilia Lynthong
Aged About 57 years
D/o Mrs. Sidia Lynthong
R/o. Amjalong, West Jaintia Hills District
108. Ms. Priyanka Lyngthong
Aged About 30 years
D/o Longmin Lynthong
R/o. Amjalong, West Jaintia Hills District
109. Shri. Command Rymbui
Aged About 47 years
S/o (L) Releaseborn Rymbui
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 16 of 24
110. Smt. Rati Myrchiang
Aged About 37 years
D/o Solbi Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
111. Smt. Hynchar Pohchen
Aged About 82 years
D/o (L) Ron Pohchen
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
112. Smt. Sah Pohlynjar
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Long Pohlynjar
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
113. Smt. Moti Pohlynjar
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Deng Pohlynjar
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
114. Smt. Min Lyngdoh
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Kat Bareh Lyngdoh
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
115. Smt. Kmen Pohti
Aged About 55 years
D/o (L) Mibel Pohti
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
116. Smt. Law Myrchiang
Aged About 46 years
D/o (L) Long Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 17 of 24
117. Smt. Sidora Lamin
Aged About 43 years
D/o (L) Mrs Dengdu Lamin
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
118. Smt. Rekha Tongper
Aged About 39 years
D/o Mrs Kat Tongper
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
119. Smt. Siang Nongpoh
Aged About 70 years
D/o (L) Mrs Shing Nongpoh
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
120. Smt. Hynchar Padu
Aged About 61 years
D/o (L) Mrs Men Padu
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
121. Smt. Ewanpynhun Padu
Aged About 25 years
D/o (L) Lina Padu
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
122. Smt. Fatima Padu
Aged About 38 years
D/o Doh Padu
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
123. Smt. Nerit Padu
Aged About 49 years
D/o (L) Toi Padu
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 18 of 24
124. Smt. Ruby Pohshna
Aged About 56 years
D/o (L) Long Pohshna
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
125. Shri. Covermewell Pamdhai
Aged About 37 years
S/o Roma N Pamdhai
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
126. Smt. Nazareth Nonglamin
Aged About 32 years
D/o Kmenlang Nonglamin
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
127. Shri. Reagan Buam
Aged About 23 years
S/o Smt. Shing Buam
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
128. Smt. Soly Lyngdoh Giri
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Hat Lyngdoh Giri
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
129. Smt. Ron Gassar
Aged About 67 years
D/o (L) Chuimin Kassar
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
130. Smt. Hat Lyngdoh Giri
Aged About 75 years
D/o (L) Eldi Lyngdoh Giri
R/o Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 19 of 24
131. Smt. Delimai Pohti
Aged About 67 years
D/o (L) Kwill Pohti
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
132. Smt. Philisbon Rymbui
Aged About 62 years
D/o (L) Prince Rymbui
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
133. Smt. Haibahun Rymbui
Aged About 34 years
D/o Dohri Rymbui
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
134. Smt. Nemsimai Lyngdoh Giri
Aged About 65 years
D/o (L) Labon LyngdohGiri
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
135. Shri. Dapmon Tariang
Aged About 71 years
S/o Elphimai Tariang
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
136. Smt. Pretty Rymbui
Aged About 52 years
D/o (L) Shilak Rymbui
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
137. Smt. Kyrmensoi Rymbui
Aged About 60 years
D/o (L) Shilak Rymbui
R/o. Nongtalang Mission, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 20 of 24
138. Smt. Bima Myrchiang
Aged About 39 years
D/o Mrs. Kat Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
139. Shri. Pillarson Nongpoh
Aged About 54 years
S/o (L) Bilamai Nongpoh
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
140. Smt. Sunita Pohsnem
Aged About 45 years
D/o Sahmin Pohsnem
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
141. Smt. Rusila Lyngdoh Talang
Aged About 47 years
D/o (L) Law L. Talang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
142. Shri. Min Lyngdoh Rad
Aged About 59 years
S/o Phri Lyngdoh Rad
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
143. Shri. Long Bareh
Aged About 63 years
S/o (L) Riang Myrchiang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
144. Smt. Bon Lyngdoh Talang
Aged About 63 years
D/o (L) Chui L Talang
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
Page 21 of 24
145. Shri. K. Rymbui
Aged About 61 years
S/o (L) Sadar Lyngdoh Rad
R/o. Nongtalang, West Jaintia Hills District
146. Shri. J. Donbor Dkhar
Aged About 48 years
S/o Jophola Thohrem
R/o. Nongsohphan, East Khasi Hills District
147. Smt. Ailad Kharluni.
Aged About 50 years
D/o Jophola Thohrem
R/o. Nongsohphan, East Khasi Hills District
... Petitioner(s)
-Versus-
1. Union of India represented by the Home
Secretary, New Delhi-110001.
2. The Union of India, represented by the
Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry
of Home Affairs, New Delhi-110001
3. The Union of India, represented by the
Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry
of External Affairs, New Delhi-110001
4. Government of Meghalaya represented by
The Chief Secretary
5. Commissioner & Secretary Political
Department Government of Meghalaya
Shillong.
6. Commissioner & Secretary Disaster
Management, Government of Meghalaya,
Shillong
Page 22 of 24
7. Director Survey of Meghalaya, Shillong.
8. Collector, West Jaintia Hills District, Jowai.
9. Collector, East Khasi Hills District, Shillong.
10. Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council,
Jowai
11. Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council,
Shillong
12. National Building Construction Corporation
Limited ....Respondent(s)
Coram:
Hon’ble Mr. Justice H. S. Thangkhiew, Judge
Appearance:
For the Petitioner(s)/Applicant(s):Mr. H.L. Shangreiso, Sr, Adv. with
Mr. T. Dkhar, Adv.
Ms. M. Hajong, Adv.
For the Respondent(s) : Mr. R. Debnath, CGC (For R 1-3)
Mr. A. Kumar, AG with
Ms. R. Colney, GA (For R 4-9)
Dr. N. Mozika, DSGI with
Ms. M. Myrchiang, Adv. (For R 10)
Mr. T.T. Diengdoh, Sr. Adv. with
Mr. C.C.T. Sangma, Adv. (For R 11)
Mr. P.R. Paske, Adv. (For R 12)
i) Whether approved for reporting in Yes/No
Law journals etc.:
ii) Whether approved for publication
in press: Yes/No
Page 23 of 24
In view of the order passed in WP(C) No. 496 of 2021, this Misc.
Case also stands disposed of.
JUDGE
Meghalaya
04.08.2025
“V. Lyndem PS”
Page 24 of 24