Mrs. Garima Singh vs The State Of Bihar on 22 April, 2025

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Patna High Court

Mrs. Garima Singh vs The State Of Bihar on 22 April, 2025

Author: Chandra Shekhar Jha

Bench: Chandra Shekhar Jha

         IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
                 CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS No.20583 of 2023
     Arising Out of PS. Case No.-20 Year-2021 Thana- MAHILA P.S. District- Kaimur (Bhabua)
     ======================================================
1.    MRS. GARIMA SINGH Wife of Yatendra Nath Singh R/o Pandit Deen
      Dayal Upadhyay Nagar Arjuganj, Distt.- Lucknow, P.O. and P.S.- Arjunganj,
      Uttar Pradesh, Pin Code - 226002.
2.   Rahul @ Shakti Bhan Singh @ Rahul Singh Son of Late Rana Pratap Singh
     R/o 285/241, Karehata, P.O.- Aishbagh, P.S.- Rajendra Nagar, Distt.-
     Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Pin Code - 226004.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                            Versus
1.   The State of Bihar
2.   Mrs. Gayan Bharti @ Nikki Singh Wife of Himalaya Singh D/o Narendra
     Kumar Singh, R/o Village - Akodi, P.O. and P.S.- Ramgardh, Bhabua
     (Kaimur), P.S.- Kaimur, Bihar.

                                            ... ... Opposite Party/s
     ======================================================
                               with
             CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS No. 20638 of 2025
     Arising Out of PS. Case No.-20 Year-2021 Thana- MAHILA P.S. District- Kaimur (Bhabua)
     ======================================================
1.    Himalya Singh S/o Rana Pratap Singh R/o Vill.- Khesara No. 884, Sai Data
      Road Pushp Sadan, P.S. Sushant Golf city (Arjunganj), PO Arjunganj, Dist.-
      Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).
2.   Pushpa Singh W/o Late Rana Pratap Singh R/o Vill.- Khesara No. 884, Sai
     Data Road Pushp Sadan, P.S. Sushant Golf city (Arjunganj), PO Arjunganj,
     Dist.- Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                            Versus
1.   The State of Bihar
2.   Mrs. Gayan Bharti @ Nikki W/o Himalaya Singh, D/o Narendra Kumar
     Singh R/o -Village Akodi, P.O. and P.S. - Ramgardh, Kaimur at Bhabhua,
     District- Kaimur,

                                            ... ... Opposite Party/s
     ======================================================
     Appearance :
     (In CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS No. 20583 of 2023)
     For the Petitioner/s     : Mr. Ashutosh Nath, Adv.
                                Mr. Amritanshu Dangi, Adv.
                                Ms. Aarohi M, Adv.
                                Mr. Amit Bhaskar, Adv.
     For the Opposite Party/s : Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh, APP
     (In CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS No. 20638 of 2025)
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           2/18




       For the Petitioner/s     :        Mr. Ashutosh Nath, Adv.
                                         Mr. Amritanshu Dangi, Adv.
                                         Ms. Aarohi M, Adv.
                                         Mr. Amit Bhaskar, Adv.
       For the Opposite Party/s :        Mr. Mritunjay Kumar Nirala, APP
       ======================================================
       CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE CHANDRA SHEKHAR JHA
                        ORAL JUDGMENT
         Date : 22-04-2025

                                CR. MISC. No. 20583 of 2023

                      Heard learned counsel appearing on behalf of

         the parties.

                      2. Present petition is being filed on behalf of

         the petitioners for quashing of order dated 04.01.2023,

         as passed by learned Addl. Distt & Session Judge - I Cum

         Special Judge, Kaimur at Bhabhua in Sessions Trial No.

         258/2022, Mahila P.S. Case No. 20 of 2021, where the

         learned court below rejected the discharge petition of the

         petitioners, preferred under section 227 of the Cr.P.C.

                      3. As per case of prosecution, the marriage of

         the brother of the petitioners with respondent no. 2 was

         solemnized on 08.03.2019 at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

         Thereafter, within two years, the said marriage entered

         into rough waters and the tensions in the family escalated
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
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         to such a level that, the mother-in-law of the O.P. no. 2

         lodged an FIR no. 81 of2021 dated 21.02.2021 in P.S.

         Sushant Golf City, Lucknow, against the O.P. no. 2.

         Thereafter, the brother of the petitioners filed a

         matrimonial case seeking divorce from O.P. no. 2, vide

         matrimonial case number 768 of 2021, filed under

         section 13(1)(i)(a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, before the

         court of learned Principal Judge Family Courts, Lucknow,

         Uttar Pradesh on 02.03.2021. That O.P. no. 2, in

         retaliation and counter blast to the aforeesaid divorce

         petition, filed a written complaint before the Mahila

         Thana, Kaimur at Bhabhua.

                      4. It is submitted by learned counsel for the

         petitioners that matter appears compromised between the

         parties      against        the     permanent      alimony   of   Rs.

         25,00,000/- (Rupees Twenty Five Lakh). In this context,

         it is submitted that marriage of parties also stands

         dissolved by way of mutual divorce through Matrimonial

         Suit No. 30 of 2025 dated 27.01.2025, where by the
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
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         judgment of learned Principal Judge cum, Family Court,

         Kaimur (Bhabhua), the marriage between the parties

         declared dissolved. It is submitted that from the said

         judgment it transpires that O.P. No. 2 already received

         permanent alimony of Rs. 25,00,000/- (Rupees Twenty

         Five Lakh) and in aforesaid fact, continuing of the present

         proceedings before court below would only amount to

         abuse of the process of the Court of law and, therefore,

         same be quashed/set aside. In support of his submission

         learned counsel relied upon the legal report of Hon'ble

         Supreme Court as available through Abhishek vs. State

         of Madhya Pradesh as reported in 2023 SCC OnLine

         SC 1083.

                      5. Learned counsel for O.P. No. 2 also

         supported the submission as advanced by learned counsel

         for petitioner that the parties resolved their dispute and

         differences, amicably.

                      6. In view of aforesaid, it would be apposite to

         reproduce Paragraph Nos. 12, 13, 14 ,15, 16 & 17 of
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           5/18




         Abhishek case (supra), which read as:-

                         12. The contours of the power to quash
                         criminal proceedings under Section 482
                         Cr.P.C. are well defined. In V. Ravi Kumar v.
                         State represented by Inspector of Police,
                         District Crime Branch, Salem, Tamil Nadu
                         [(2019) 14 SCC 568], this Court affirmed that
                         where an accused seeks quashing of the FIR,
                         invoking the inherent jurisdiction of the High
                         Court, it is wholly impermissible for the High
                         Court to enter into the factual arena to
                         adjudge the correctness of the allegations in
                         the complaint. In Neeharika Infrastructure (P).
                         Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra [Criminal Appeal
                         No. 330 of 2021, decided on 13.04.2021], a
                         3-Judge Bench of this Court elaborately
                         considered the scope and extent of the power
                         under Section 482 Cr.P.C. It was observed
                         that the power of quashing should be exercised
                         sparingly, with circumspection and in the
                         rarest of rare cases, such standard not being
                         confused with the norm formulated in the
                         context of the death penalty. It was further
                         observed       that   while    examining     the
                         FIR/complaint, quashing of which is sought,
                         the Court cannot embark upon an enquiry as to
                         the reliability or genuineness or otherwise of
                         the allegations made therein, but if the Court
                         thinks fit, regard being had to the parameters
                         of quashing and the self-restraint imposed by
                         law, and more particularly, the parameters laid
                         down by this Court in R.P. Kapur v. State of
                         Punjab (AIR 1960 SC 866) and State of
                         Haryana v. Bhajan Lal [(1992) Supp (1) SCC
                         335], the Court would have jurisdiction to
                         quash the FIR/complaint.
                         13. Instances of a husband's family members
                         filing a petition to quash criminal proceedings
                         launched against them by his wife in the midst
                         of matrimonial disputes are neither a rarity nor
                         of recent origin. Precedents aplenty abound on
                         this score. We may now take note of some
                         decisions of particular relevance. Recently, in
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           6/18




                         Kahkashan Kausar alias Sonam v. State of
                         Bihar [(2022) 6 SCC 599], this Court had
                         occasion to deal with a similar situation where
                         the High Court had refused to quash a FIR
                         registered for various offences, including
                         Section 498A IPC. Noting that the foremost
                         issue that required determination was whether
                         allegations made against the in-laws were
                         general omnibus allegations which would be
                         liable to be quashed, this Court referred to
                         earlier decisions wherein concern was
                         expressed over the misuse of Section 498A
                         IPC and the increased tendency to implicate
                         relatives of the husband in matrimonial
                         disputes. This Court observed that false
                         implications by way of general omnibus
                         allegations made in the course of matrimonial
                         disputes, if left unchecked, would result in
                         misuse of the process of law. On the facts of
                         that case, it was found that no specific
                         allegations were made against the in-laws by
                         the wife and it was held that allowing their
                         prosecution in the absence of clear allegations
                         against the in-laws would result in an abuse of
                         the process of law. It was also noted that a
                         criminal trial, leading to an eventual acquittal,
                         would inflict severe scars upon the accused
                         and such an exercise ought to be discouraged.
                         14. In Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand
                         [(2010) 7 SCC 667], this Court noted that the
                         tendency to implicate the husband and all his
                         immediate relations is also not uncommon in
                         complaints filed under Section 498A IPC. It
                         was observed that the Courts have to be
                         extremely careful and cautious in dealing with
                         these complaints and must take pragmatic
                         realities into consideration while dealing with
                         matrimonial cases, as allegations of
                         harassment by husband's close relations, who
                         were living in different cities and never visited
                         or rarely visited the place where the
                         complainant resided, would add an entirely
                         different complexion and such allegations
                         would have to be scrutinised with great care
                         and circumspection.
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           7/18




                         15. Earlier, in Neelu Chopra v. Bharti [(2009)
                         10 SCC 184], this Court observed that the
                         mere mention of statutory provisions and the
                         language thereof, for lodging a complaint, is
                         not the 'be all and end all' of the matter, as
                         what is required to be brought to the notice of
                         the Court is the particulars of the offence
                         committed by each and every accused and the
                         role played by each and every accused in the
                         commission      of     that    offence.    These
                         observations were made in the context of a
                         matrimonial dispute involving Section 498A
                         IPC.
                         16. Of more recent origin is the decision of
                         this Court in Mahmood Ali v. State of U.P.
                         (Criminal Appeal No. 2341 of 2023, decided
                         on 08.08.2023) on the legal principles
                         applicable apropos Section 482 Cr.P.C.
                         Therein, it was observed that when an accused
                         comes before the High Court, invoking either
                         the inherent power under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
                         or the extraordinary jurisdiction under Article
                         226 of the Constitution, to get the FIR or the
                         criminal proceedings quashed, essentially on
                         the ground that such proceedings are
                         manifestly frivolous or vexatious or instituted
                         with the ulterior motive of wreaking
                         vengeance, then in such circumstances, the
                         High Court owes a duty to look into the FIR
                         with care and a little more closely. It was
                         further observed that it will not be enough for
                         the Court to look into the averments made in
                         the FIR/complaint alone for the purpose of
                         ascertaining whether the necessary ingredients
                         to constitute the alleged offence are disclosed
                         or not as, in frivolous or vexatious
                         proceedings, the Court owes a duty to look into
                         many other attending circumstances emerging
                         from the record of the case over and above the
                         averments and, if need be, with due care and
                         circumspection, to try and read between the
                         lines.
                         17. In Bhajan Lal (supra), this Court had set
                         out, by way of illustration, the broad categories
                         of cases in which the inherent power under
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           8/18




                         Section 482 Cr.P.C. could be exercised. Para
                         102 of the decision reads as follows:
                         "102. In the backdrop of the interpretation of
                         the various relevant provisions of the Code
                         under Chapter XIV and of the principles of law
                         enunciated by this Court in a series of
                         decisions relating to the exercise of the
                         extraordinary power under Article 226 or the
                         inherent powers under Section 482 of the
                         Code which we have extracted and reproduced
                         above, we give the following categories of
                         cases by way of illustration wherein such
                         power could be exercised either to prevent
                         abuse of the process of any court or otherwise
                         to secure the ends of justice, though it may not
                         be possible to lay down any precise, clearly
                         defined and sufficiently channelised and
                         inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to
                         give an exhaustive list of myriad kinds of cases
                         wherein such power should be exercised.
                         (1) Where the allegations made in the first
                         information report or the complaint, even if
                         they are taken at their face value and accepted
                         in their entirety do not prima facie constitute
                         any offence or make out a case against the
                         accused.
                         (2) Where the allegations in the first informant
                         report and other materials, if any,
                         accompanying the FIR do not disclose a
                         cognizable offence, justifying an investigation
                         by police officers under Section 156(1) of the
                         Code except under an order of a Magistrate
                         within the purview of Section 155(2) of the
                         Code.
                         (3) Where the uncontroverted allegations
                         made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence
                         collected in support of the same do not
                         disclose the commission of any offence and
                         make out a case against the accused.
                         (4) Where, the allegations in the FIR do not
                         constitute a cognizable offence but constitute
                         only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation
                         is permitted by a police officer without an order
                         of a Magistrate as contemplated under Section
                         155(2) of the Code.
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
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                         (5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or
                         complaint are so absurd and inherently
                         improbable on the basis of which no prudent
                         persons can ever reach a just conclusion that
                         there is sufficient ground for proceeding
                         against the accused.
                         (6) Where there is an express legal bar
                         engrafted in any of the provisions of the Code
                         or the concerned Act (under which a criminal
                         proceeding is instituted) to the institution and
                         continuance of the proceedings and/or where
                         there is a specific provision in the Code or the
                         concerned Act, providing efficacious redress
                         for the grievance of the aggrieved party.
                         (7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly
                         attended with mala fide and/or where the
                         proceeding is maliciously instituted with an
                         ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the
                         accused and with a view to spite him due to
                         private and personal grudge."


                      7. In view of aforesaid factual and legal submissions

         as parties resolved their disputes and differences amicably,

         where their marriage stands dissolved under mutual consent,

         in view of Section 13(B) of Hindu Marriage Act, 1956 against

         the permanent alimony of Rs. 25,00,000/- (Rupees

         Twenty Five Lakh), which already appears received by

         O.P. No. 2, accordingly, by taking a guiding legal note of

         Abhishek case (supra), order dated 04.01.2023 as

         passed in Sessions Trial No. 258/2022, Mahila P.S. Case

         No. 20 of 2021 by learned Addl. Distt & Session Judge -
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
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         I Cum Special Judge, Kaimur at Bhabhua is hereby

         quashed/set aside qua petitioners, with all its consequential

         proceedings.

                      8. Accordingly, the petition stands allowed.

                      9. Let a copy of the judgment be sent to the

         learned trial court forthwith.

                                CR. MISC. No. 20638 of 2025

                      Heard learned counsel appearing on behalf of

         the parties.

                      2. Present petition is being filed on behalf of

         the petitioner for quashing of order dated 26.04.2022 as

         passed in Mahila P.S. Case No. 20 of 2021 by learned

         SDJM, Kaimur at Bhabhua, through which cognizance

         against petitioner was taken for offence permissible under

         Section 498A, 313, 406/34 of IPC and ¾ of the Dowry

         Act.

                      3. As per case of prosecution, the marriage of

         the petitioner no. 1 with respondent no. 2 was solemnized

         on 08.03.2019 at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Thereafter,
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
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         within two years, the said marriage entered into rough

         waters and the tensions in the family escalated to such a

         level that, the mother-in-law of the O.P. no. 2 lodged an

         FIR no. 81 of2021 dated 21.02.2021 in P.S. Sushant

         Golf City, Lucknow, against the O.P. no. 2. Thereafter,

         petitioner no. 1 filed a matrimonial case seeking divorce

         from O.P. no. 2, vide matrimonial case number 768 of

         2021, filed under section 13(1)(i)(a) of the Hindu

         Marriage Act, before the court of learned Principal Judge

         Family Courts, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh on 02.03.2021.

         That O.P. no. 2, in retaliation and counter blast to the

         aforesaid divorce petition, filed a written complaint before

         the Mahila Thana, Kaimur at Bhabhua.

                      4. It is submitted by learned counsel for the

         petitioners that matter appears compromised between the

         parties      against        the     permanent      alimony   of   Rs.

         25,00,000/- (Rupees Twenty Five Lakh). In this context,

         it is submitted that marriage of parties also stands

         dissolved by way of mutual divorce through Matrimonial
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           12/18




         Suit No. 30 of 2025 dated 27.01.2025, where by the

         judgment of learned Principal Judge cum, Family Court,

         Kaimur (Bhabhua), the marriage between the parties

         declared dissolved. It is submitted that from the said

         judgment it transpires that O.P. No. 2 already received

         permanent alimony of Rs. 25,00,000/- (Rupees Twenty

         Five Lakh) and in aforesaid fact, continuing of the present

         proceedings before court below would only amount to

         abuse of the process of the Court of law and, therefore,

         same be quashed/set aside. In support of his submission

         learned counsel relied upon the legal report of Hon'ble

         Supreme Court as available through Abhishek vs. State

         of Madhya Pradesh as reported in 2023 SCC OnLine

         SC 1083.

                      5. Learned counsel for O.P. No. 2 also

         supported the submission as advanced by learned counsel

         for petitioner that the parties resolved their dispute and

         differences, amicably.

                      6. In view of aforesaid, it would be apposite to
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           13/18




         reproduce Paragraph Nos. 12, 13, 14 ,15, 16 & 17 of

         Abhishek case (supra), which read as:-



                         12. The contours of the power to quash
                         criminal proceedings under Section 482
                         Cr.P.C. are well defined. In V. Ravi Kumar v.
                         State represented by Inspector of Police,
                         District Crime Branch, Salem, Tamil Nadu
                         [(2019) 14 SCC 568], this Court affirmed that
                         where an accused seeks quashing of the FIR,
                         invoking the inherent jurisdiction of the High
                         Court, it is wholly impermissible for the High
                         Court to enter into the factual arena to
                         adjudge the correctness of the allegations in
                         the complaint. In Neeharika Infrastructure (P).
                         Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra [Criminal Appeal
                         No. 330 of 2021, decided on 13.04.2021], a
                         3-Judge Bench of this Court elaborately
                         considered the scope and extent of the power
                         under Section 482 Cr.P.C. It was observed
                         that the power of quashing should be exercised
                         sparingly, with circumspection and in the
                         rarest of rare cases, such standard not being
                         confused with the norm formulated in the
                         context of the death penalty. It was further
                         observed       that   while    examining    the
                         FIR/complaint, quashing of which is sought,
                         the Court cannot embark upon an enquiry as to
                         the reliability or genuineness or otherwise of
                         the allegations made therein, but if the Court
                         thinks fit, regard being had to the parameters
                         of quashing and the self-restraint imposed by
                         law, and more particularly, the parameters laid
                         down by this Court in R.P. Kapur v. State of
                         Punjab (AIR 1960 SC 866) and State of
                         Haryana v. Bhajan Lal [(1992) Supp (1) SCC
                         335], the Court would have jurisdiction to
                         quash the FIR/complaint.
                         13. Instances of a husband's family members
                         filing a petition to quash criminal proceedings
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           14/18




                         launched against them by his wife in the midst
                         of matrimonial disputes are neither a rarity nor
                         of recent origin. Precedents aplenty abound on
                         this score. We may now take note of some
                         decisions of particular relevance. Recently, in
                         Kahkashan Kausar alias Sonam v. State of
                         Bihar [(2022) 6 SCC 599], this Court had
                         occasion to deal with a similar situation where
                         the High Court had refused to quash a FIR
                         registered for various offences, including
                         Section 498A IPC. Noting that the foremost
                         issue that required determination was whether
                         allegations made against the in-laws were
                         general omnibus allegations which would be
                         liable to be quashed, this Court referred to
                         earlier decisions wherein concern was
                         expressed over the misuse of Section 498A
                         IPC and the increased tendency to implicate
                         relatives of the husband in matrimonial
                         disputes. This Court observed that false
                         implications by way of general omnibus
                         allegations made in the course of matrimonial
                         disputes, if left unchecked, would result in
                         misuse of the process of law. On the facts of
                         that case, it was found that no specific
                         allegations were made against the in-laws by
                         the wife and it was held that allowing their
                         prosecution in the absence of clear allegations
                         against the in-laws would result in an abuse of
                         the process of law. It was also noted that a
                         criminal trial, leading to an eventual acquittal,
                         would inflict severe scars upon the accused
                         and such an exercise ought to be discouraged.
                         14. In Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand
                         [(2010) 7 SCC 667], this Court noted that the
                         tendency to implicate the husband and all his
                         immediate relations is also not uncommon in
                         complaints filed under Section 498A IPC. It
                         was observed that the Courts have to be
                         extremely careful and cautious in dealing with
                         these complaints and must take pragmatic
                         realities into consideration while dealing with
                         matrimonial cases, as allegations of
                         harassment by husband's close relations, who
                         were living in different cities and never visited
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           15/18




                         or rarely visited the place where the
                         complainant resided, would add an entirely
                         different complexion and such allegations
                         would have to be scrutinised with great care
                         and circumspection.
                         15. Earlier, in Neelu Chopra v. Bharti [(2009)
                         10 SCC 184], this Court observed that the
                         mere mention of statutory provisions and the
                         language thereof, for lodging a complaint, is
                         not the 'be all and end all' of the matter, as
                         what is required to be brought to the notice of
                         the Court is the particulars of the offence
                         committed by each and every accused and the
                         role played by each and every accused in the
                         commission      of    that    offence.   These
                         observations were made in the context of a
                         matrimonial dispute involving Section 498A
                         IPC.
                         16. Of more recent origin is the decision of
                         this Court in Mahmood Ali v. State of U.P.
                         (Criminal Appeal No. 2341 of 2023, decided
                         on 08.08.2023) on the legal principles
                         applicable apropos Section 482 Cr.P.C.
                         Therein, it was observed that when an accused
                         comes before the High Court, invoking either
                         the inherent power under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
                         or the extraordinary jurisdiction under Article
                         226 of the Constitution, to get the FIR or the
                         criminal proceedings quashed, essentially on
                         the ground that such proceedings are
                         manifestly frivolous or vexatious or instituted
                         with the ulterior motive of wreaking
                         vengeance, then in such circumstances, the
                         High Court owes a duty to look into the FIR
                         with care and a little more closely. It was
                         further observed that it will not be enough for
                         the Court to look into the averments made in
                         the FIR/complaint alone for the purpose of
                         ascertaining whether the necessary ingredients
                         to constitute the alleged offence are disclosed
                         or not as, in frivolous or vexatious
                         proceedings, the Court owes a duty to look into
                         many other attending circumstances emerging
                         from the record of the case over and above the
                         averments and, if need be, with due care and
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                           16/18




                         circumspection, to try and read between the
                         lines.
                         17. In Bhajan Lal (supra), this Court had set
                         out, by way of illustration, the broad categories
                         of cases in which the inherent power under
                         Section 482 Cr.P.C. could be exercised. Para
                         102 of the decision reads as follows:
                         "102. In the backdrop of the interpretation of
                         the various relevant provisions of the Code
                         under Chapter XIV and of the principles of law
                         enunciated by this Court in a series of
                         decisions relating to the exercise of the
                         extraordinary power under Article 226 or the
                         inherent powers under Section 482 of the
                         Code which we have extracted and reproduced
                         above, we give the following categories of
                         cases by way of illustration wherein such
                         power could be exercised either to prevent
                         abuse of the process of any court or otherwise
                         to secure the ends of justice, though it may not
                         be possible to lay down any precise, clearly
                         defined and sufficiently channelised and
                         inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to
                         give an exhaustive list of myriad kinds of cases
                         wherein such power should be exercised.
                         (1) Where the allegations made in the first
                         information report or the complaint, even if
                         they are taken at their face value and accepted
                         in their entirety do not prima facie constitute
                         any offence or make out a case against the
                         accused.
                         (2) Where the allegations in the first informant
                         report and other materials, if any,
                         accompanying the FIR do not disclose a
                         cognizable offence, justifying an investigation
                         by police officers under Section 156(1) of the
                         Code except under an order of a Magistrate
                         within the purview of Section 155(2) of the
                         Code.
                         (3) Where the uncontroverted allegations
                         made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence
                         collected in support of the same do not
                         disclose the commission of any offence and
                         make out a case against the accused.
                         (4) Where, the allegations in the FIR do not
 Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                            17/18




                           constitute a cognizable offence but constitute
                           only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation
                           is permitted by a police officer without an order
                           of a Magistrate as contemplated under Section
                           155(2) of the Code.
                           (5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or
                           complaint are so absurd and inherently
                           improbable on the basis of which no prudent
                           persons can ever reach a just conclusion that
                           there is sufficient ground for proceeding
                           against the accused.
                           (6) Where there is an express legal bar
                           engrafted in any of the provisions of the Code
                           or the concerned Act (under which a criminal
                           proceeding is instituted) to the institution and
                           continuance of the proceedings and/or where
                           there is a specific provision in the Code or the
                           concerned Act, providing efficacious redress
                           for the grievance of the aggrieved party.
                           (7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly
                           attended with mala fide and/or where the
                           proceeding is maliciously instituted with an
                           ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the
                           accused and with a view to spite him due to
                           private and personal grudge."




                      7.        In view of aforesaid factual and legal

         submissions as parties resolved their disputes and differences

         amicably, where their marriage stands dissolved under mutual

         consent, in view of Section 13(B) of Hindu Marriage Act,

         1956 against the permanent alimony of Rs. 25,00,000/-

         (Rupees Twenty Five Lakh), which already                              appears

         received by O.P. No. 2, accordingly, by taking a guiding

         legal note of Abhishek case (supra), order dated
              Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.20583 of 2023 dt.22-04-2025
                                                        18/18




                      26.04.2022

as passed in Mahila P.S. Case No. 20 of

2021 by learned SDJM, Kaimur at Bhabhua is hereby

quashed/set aside qua petitioners, with all its consequential

proceedings.

8. Accordingly, the petition stands allowed.

9. Let a copy of the judgment be sent to the

learned trial court forthwith.

(Chandra Shekhar Jha, J)
Sudha/-

AFR/NAFR                NAFR
CAV DATE                NA
Uploading Date          22.04.2025
Transmission Date       22.04.2025
 

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