J.B. PARDIWALA, J.
For the convenience of exposition, this judgment is divided into the following parts: –
INDEX
A. FACTUAL MATRIX ………………………………………………………………………………… 2
B. THE IMPUGNED JUDGMENT ……………………………………………………………… 15
C. SUBMISSIONS OF THE PARTIES ………………………………………………………… 18
i. Submissions on behalf of the Appellant …………………………………………………. 18
ii. Submissions on behalf of the respondent no. 1 ………………………………………. 22
iii. Submissions on behalf of the respondent nos. 3 and 4 ……………………………. 24
D. ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION ………………………………………………………….. 25
E. ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
i. The Object and purpose behind Section 92 of the CPC………………………….. 25
ii. Conditions to be fulfilled for the applicability of Section 92 of the CPC …. 33
A. The trust being created for a public purpose of a charitable or religious
nature…. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
I. Whether a Society can be construed to be a ‘trust or a ‘constructive
trust’?…….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37
a. Circumstances under which the creation of a trust has been inferred
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
b. Views of different High Courts on the issue …………………………………… 55
c. Section 5 of the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and the ‘vesting’ of
properties in the Executive Committee. …………………………………………. 82
d. The doctrine of constructive trust and its applicability to a society
functioning for public purposes of a religious or charitable nature ….. 99
B. A breach of trust or the directions of the court being necessary for the
administration of the trust…………………………………………………………………… 129
C. The institution of the suit must be made by two or more persons “having an
interest in the trust” …………………………………………………………………………… 136
D. The reliefs falling within the scope of those enumerated under Section 92(1) of
the CPC along with the object, purpose and capacity in which the suit is
brought. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
F. CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………………………… 157