Ranjit Sharma vs The State Of Bihar on 18 January, 2025

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Patna High Court

Ranjit Sharma vs The State Of Bihar on 18 January, 2025

Author: Mohit Kumar Shah

Bench: Mohit Kumar Shah, Shailendra Singh

     IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
                 CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No. 505 of 2015
    Arising Out of PS. Case No.-156 Year-2012 Thana- KHAGARIA District- Khagaria
======================================================
Ranjit Sharma Son of Ramchandra Sharma, Resident of Village -
Ranisakarpura, P.S. - Khagaria (Gangour), District - Khagaria.
                                                               ... ... Appellant
                                   Versus
The State Of Bihar
                                           ... ... Respondent
======================================================
Appearance:
For the Appellant/s     :        Mr. Neeraj Kumar Alias Sanidh, Adv.
                                 Mr. Ashwani Raj Narayan, Adv.
                                 Mr. Mukund Kumar, Adv.
For the State           :        Mr. Dilip Kumar Sinha, APP
======================================================
CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE MOHIT KUMAR SHAH
           and
           HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE SHAILENDRA SINGH
CAV JUDGMENT
(Per: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE MOHIT KUMAR SHAH)

 Date : 18-01-2025

          The present appeal under Section 374 (2) read with

 Section 389 (1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

 (hereinafter referred to as "the Cr.P.C.") has been preferred

 against the judgment of conviction and sentence dated

 12.05.2015

and 18.05.2015 respectively, passed in Sessions

Trial No. 216 of 2012 (arising out of Khagaria (Gangour) P.S.

Case No. 156 of 2012) by the learned 1st Additional Sessions

Judge, Khagaria (hereinafter referred to as “the learned Trial

Judge”). By the said judgment, the learned Trial Judge has

convicted the sole appellant for commission of offence under

Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced him to
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undergo rigorous imprisonment for life.

2. Short facts of the case are that on 31.03.2012 at 22:00

hours, fardbeyan of one Sumitra Devi, wife of Arjun Goswami

(P.W. 2), was recorded by the Station House Officer (SHO),

Gangour O.P. (Camp Sadar Hospital, Khagaria), at Sadar

Hospital, Khagaria. In the fardbeyan, Smt. Sumitra Devi

(hereinafter referred to as “the informant”) has stated that her

grand-daughter (hereinafter referred to as “the prosecutrix”) was

staying with her since past 3-4 years in her house. On

31.03.2012 at about 6:00 pm in the evening, when the informant

and the prosecutrix were at home and the prosecutrix was

playing, the informant had gone to the house of her neighbour,

namely, Kaushaliya Devi, to borrow some money, while asking

the prosecutrix to remain inside the house, however, when she

returned back to her house, at about 7:00 pm then she saw that

her grand-daughter was wriggling in pain, was crying and

saying that the neighbour namely, Ranjit Sharma i.e. the

appellant herein, had opened her pajama (trouser) and has

committed wrong with her, whereafter the informant had lighted

a torch and saw that the clothes of the prosecutrix below her

waist were wet with blood and blood had fallen on the ground

apart from blood oozing out from her private parts which had
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also fallen on her foot. The informant had raised an alarm,

whereafter neighbours had arrived and then the prosecutrix was

taken to the Sadar Hospital, Khagaria, where her treatment is

going on. On receiving information, the Officer-in-Charge,

Gangour Police station had arrived at the hospital and recorded

the fardbeyan of the informant. After the fardbeyan was read

over to the informant, she had put her right thumb impression

over the same.

3. After recording of the fardbeyan, a formal FIR bearing

Khagaria (Gangour) P.S. Case No. 156 of 2012 was registered

for offence under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code on

01.04.2012 at about 10:30 am against one Ranjit Sharma

(Appellant). After investigation and finding the case to be true

qua the appellant, the police had submitted charge-sheet on

31.05.2012 against the appellant. Thereafter, on 04.06.2012, the

learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Khagaria, had taken

cognizance of offence under Section 376 of the Indian Penal

Code and subsequently on 23.06.2012, the case was committed

to the Court of Sessions and was numbered as Sessions Trial

No. 216 of 2012. On 27.09.2012, charge under Section 376 of

the Indian Penal Code was framed against the appellant. During

the course of trial, while P.W.1 Saudagar Paswan, P.W.3 Naresh
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Goswami, P.W.5 Ramdeo Rajak, P.W.6 Raj Kumar Mahto and

P.W.7 Gauri Shankar Goswami had turned hostile, the informant

i.e. P.W. 2 Sumitra Devi and the prosecutrix i.e. P.W. 8 were

examined and cross-examined. P.W. 4 Dr. Manju Kumari, who

had examined the prosecutrix and prepared the medical report /

supplementary medical report, has also been examined and

cross-examined.

4. Sri Neeraj Kumar, the learned counsel for the appellant,

after referring to the entire evidence and the materials on record,

has argued that the prosecution has not proved its case beyond

all reasonable doubt, hence, the learned Trial Judge has

incorrectly passed the judgment of conviction under challenge.

It has been argued that all the independent witnesses, i.e. P.W.1,

P.W. 3 and P.W. 5 to P.W.7, have turned hostile. As far as P.W. 2

i.e. the informant and grandmother of the prosecutrix is

concerned, there are several contradictions, in between her

fardbeyan and her testimony. While P.W.2 has stated in the

fardbeyan that when she returned back to home on 31.3.2012 in

the evening she found her grand-daughter crying with pain and

her clothes were soaked with blood whereupon the prosecutrix

had narrated the aforesaid occurrence and then the prosecutrix

was taken to Khagaria Hospital where the police, upon receiving
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information, had arrived and recorded her fardbeyan, however,

in her evidence, she has stated that she had gone to the Hospital

via Gangour Police Station from where the SHO of the said

Police Station had accompanied them to the hospital and though

the prosecutrix was unconscious at home however, she had

regained consciousness in the hospital at around 3:00 am in the

morning. Similarly, the prosecutrix i.e. P.W. 8 has stated in her

evidence that she was taken to the hospital via Gangour Police

Station from where the police had accompanied them to the

hospital. Thus, it is submitted that the evidence of P.W.2 and

P.W. 8 does not inspire confidence, rather appears to be

untruthful. The learned counsel for the appellant has further

submitted that the vaginal swab report of JLMNCH, Bhagalpur,

shows that no spermatozoa has been found as also the medical

report does not corroborate the factum of rape and in fact

suggests that injury has been caused due to pointed hard

substance. It is next submitted that FIR has not been exhibited

and the Investigating Officer has not been examined, which has

caused grave prejudice to the petitioner, inasmuch as the same

would have revealed the actual facts and circumstances of the

case and as to how the fardbeyan came to be recorded at 10:30

pm on 31.03.2012. Lastly, the learned counsel for the appellant
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has referred to Section 53 of the Cr.P.C. to submit that the same

has been violated, hence, the appellant has been prejudiced.

5. The learned APP for the State, Sri Dilip Kumar Sinha,

opposing the appeal, has argued that in a case like the present

one, the sole testimony of the prosecutrix is enough to uphold

the conviction of the appellant. By way of referring to the

evidence of the prosecutrix (P.W.8), he has argued that the

prosecutrix has consistently disclosed the factum of rape, having

been committed with her by the appellant and thereafter, she

being taken to the hospital via Gangour Police Station from

where the police had accompanied them, which also stands

corroborated from the medical report as also the FSL report. It is

also submitted that non-examination of the informant and the

FIR having not been exhibited has not prejudiced the appellant

in the facts and circumstances of the present case, especially in

view of the fact that neither the place of occurrence is disputed

nor the factum of rape committed upon the prosecutrix is in

dispute, which stands substantiated by the evidence of PW 2 &

PW8 as also the medical reports on record. It is submitted that

the appellant has committed a heinous crime with a seven years

old child, hence no sympathy should be shown by this Court,

thus, the appeal is fit to be dismissed being devoid of any
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merit.

6. Besides hearing the learned counsel for the parties, we

have minutely perused both the evidence i.e. oral and

documentary. Before proceeding further, it is necessary to

cursorily discuss the evidence.

7. The informant Sumitra Devi (P.W.2), who is the

grandmother of the prosecutrix, has stated in her evidence that

about 11 months back, on a day which was Saturday, at about

6:00 pm in the evening, she and her grand-daughter aged about

7 years were in their house, whereafter she had gone to her

neighbour’s house to borrow a sum of Rs. 100/-, leaving behind

her grand-daughter at the house, where she started talking with

her neighbour and then she returned back to her house at about

7:00 pm in the evening and saw that her grand-daughter was

crying with pain and blood was oozing out from her private

parts as also her clothes were soaked with blood and blood had

fallen on the ground. On being asked, the prosecutrix told her

that the appellant had committed rape with her, after opening

her pajama. P.W. 2 has further stated that when she was coming

back from her neighbour’s house, she had seen the appellant

fleeing away after jumping the wall. Thereafter, the prosecutrix

was taken to the hospital at Khagaria for treatment where the
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Police Officer had come and recorded her fardbeyan, which was

read over to her, whereafter she had put her mark over the same

after finding the same to be correct and there her nephew was

also present. P.W. 2 had also recognized the appellant. In her

cross-examination, P.W. 2 has stated that her husband’s name is

Arjun, who used to run iron business at Naugachhia and her

brother-in-law’s name is Sahdev and she used to stay at

Naugachhia along with her husband. P.W. 2 has denied the fact

that she was in love with her brother-in-law and that she had

come to Chhoti Rani Sakarpura with him. P.W.2 has stated that

she had filed a case against Arjun, which is going on at

Bhagalpur. P.W. 2 has further stated that she was not having any

child and though she had given birth to one child but he died

within six months, whereafter no child was born. P.W.2 has

further stated that she had bought 5 dhur land vide a sale deed at

Chhoti Rani Sakarpura from one Jagdambi Mahto for Rs. 7,000-

8,000/- and a total sum of Rs. 10,000/- was spent. P.W.2 has

denied borrowing a sum of Rs. 30,000/- from the father of the

appellant, namely, Ramchandra for purchasing 5 dhur land as

has also denied any dispute having ever taken place with him on

account of P.W. 2 having not returned back the money to

Ramchandra. In cross-examination, P.W. 2 has stated that when
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she returned home on the fateful evening, the prosecutrix was

unconscious and she regained consciousness at the hospital at

about 3 am in the morning, after injection was inoculated and

medicine was administered. P.W. 2 has further stated in her

cross-examination that she had gone to the hospital with her

grand-daughter in Bolero vehicle via Gangour Police Station

and the Police Officer had also accompanied them to the

hospital. P.W. 2 has stated that they had reached Gangour Police

Station at about 9:00 pm in the night and Chandrachur Mahto,

Pappu Yadav and Giwachh Goswami had accompanied them in

the Bolero vehicle. P.W. 2 has also stated in her cross-

examination that she owns a goat and wood pieces are kept in

the house for the purposes of being used as firewood. P.W.2 has

denied that the prosecutrix had gone to graze the goat and in the

process, had fallen on the firewood, leading to her sustaining

injuries.

8. P.W.8, i.e. the prosecutrix has stated in her Examination-

in-chief that the occurrence is two years old when at about 6-7

pm in the evening while she was alone in the house, her

grandmother had gone to the house of Kumhar Nana for

borrowing money while telling her that she had put the mobile

on charge and if her mobile rings she should pick up the phone
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and should keep sitting on the chair. Thereafter, the appellant

had arrived there, opened her Pajama and had inserted his thick

object in her hole through which urination is done, leading to

blood oozing out from there and pain had also started. She has

also stated that the appellant had inserted his penis in her

urination hole, whereupon she had raised an alarm but he had

pressed her mouth and then he had fled away. Thereafter, the

grandmother of the prosecutrix had arrived there and taken her

to Sadar Hospital, Khagaria, where her treatment was done and

there the police had arrived and recorded her statement. P.W. 8

had also recognized the appellant. In her cross-examination, the

prosecutrix has stated that the appellant had entered the house

after five minutes of her grand-mother leaving the house and he

had committed wrong with her while sitting on the chair as also

on the ground and at that time she was wearing pant and

pajama and above the waist she was wearing suit. She has also

stated that the appellant had before committing wrong with her

opened her pajama and pant and removed the same from her

body. P.W. 8 has further stated in her cross-examination that

when her grand-mother arrived then she covered herself with a

bedsheet and sat on the bed, whereafter her grand-mother took

her to Khagaria hospital via Gangour and the police had also
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accompanied her to Khagaria. P.W. 8 has denied the suggestion

to the effect that she had fallen on a khuta (peg) used for tying

the goat and the same had led to the injuries sustained by her

and the appellant had not committed any wrong with her.

9. We have also gone through the seizure list dated

01.04.2012, wherein the details of the article seized from the

house of the prosecutrix have been mentioned and the same

includes one black color undergarment (panty/half pant) on

which bloodstains and sperm type stains have been found, one

yellow and white color two piece suit which was also

bloodstained and one orange color pajama on which bloodstains

were present. We have also seen the report of the Forensic

Science Laboratory, Government of Bihar, Patna, dt. 24.8.2012,

relevant portion whereof is reproduced herein below:-

“DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLE (S) CONTAINED IN
PARCELS (S)

1. The packet marked ‘A’ contained one old torn and dirty
black colour janghia said to be pant which bore reddish
brown stains at places. It also bore greyish white stains
which were stiff to feel and which produce characteristic
bluish white fluorescence in ultra violet light.

2. The packet marked ‘B’ contained one yellow white
colour upper part of two piece which bore reddish brown
stains at places. It also bore greyish white stains which
were neither stiff to feel nor did they produce any
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characteristic bluish white fluorescence ultra violet light.

3. The packet marked ‘C’ contained one old, torn and dirty
orange colour paijama which bore reddish brown stains
over large areas. It also bore greyish white stains which
were neither stiff to feel nor did they produce any
characteristic bluish white fluorescence in ultra violet
light.

RESULT OF EXAMINATION

1. Blood has been detected in the exhibits as follows :-

(i) Exhibit marked – A – At places.

(ii) Exhibit marked – B- At places.

(iii) Exhibit marked – C-over large areas.

2. Semen has been detected in the exhibit marked ‘A’.

3. Semen could not be detected in any of the exhibit
marked ‘B’ and ‘C’.

4. Serological report on origin and group of blood and
semen would follow.”

10. The medical report dated 01.04.2012, prepared by P.W. 4

Dr. Manju Kumari has been marked as Exh.-1, relevant portion

whereof is reproduced herein below:-

                 "Height- 3 feet          Teeth- 24

                 Weight-17 kg.             MI- Old Scur mark on left knee joint.

                                           Breast not developed

                 Axillary hair not present.           No pubic hair present.

A lacerated wound 2 cm x 1 /4 cm x 1/ 4 cm long vertical
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in the midline (at 6 o’clock) position over perineum and
extended through Pos. commissure and farcheseu fresh
blood over the labia laceration.

Bruise 1/2 cm x 1/ 2 cm over left and right wall of
vagina.”

In the supplementary medical report dated 21.5.2021,

marked as Exh. 1/1 prepared by P.W.4, it has been opined that

on the basis of genital injury, evidence of rape is present. P.W.4

i.e. Dr. Manju Kumari has stated in her examination-in-chief

that on 01.04.2012, she was posted at Sadar Hopital Khagaria as

Medical Officer and had examined the prosecutrix and found the

injuries, as has been recorded by her in the medical report dated

01.04.2012 which has been proved by her inasmuch as she has

stated that the same was prepared by her as also bears her

signature. P.W.4 has also proved the supplementary medical

report of the prosecutrix dated 21.05.2012, wherein it has been

opined that considering the genital injury, evidence of rape is

present. In her cross-examination, P.W.4 has stated that injury

found on the body of victim may be possible by pointed hard

substance but she has denied that she had not found any

evidence of rape on the victim and that her report and opinion is

untrue.

11. As regards the arguments advanced by the learned
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counsel for the appellant, we have perused the evidence of

P.W.2 and P.W.8 from which we find that minor inconsistencies

on trivial matters might be there on account of the said

witnesses belonging to rustic background and being practically

illiterate, hence, to examine their evidence with microscopic

approach would be contrary to the aim and object of justice

oriented judicial system. Upon perusal of the fardbeyan of P.W.

2 and the evidence of P.W. 2 and P.W. 8, we find that the factum

of rape having been committed by the appellant with the

prosecutrix is narrated therein consistently apart from there

being no discrepancy/contradiction. We also find from the

medical report dated 01.04.2012 that injury / lacerated wound

has been found over the left and right wall of vagina and in the

midline portion over the perineum, which extends up to

posterior commissure, which definitely corroborates the factum

of rape having been committed upon the prosecutrix and the

same also stands substantiated from the supplementary medical

report dated 21.5.2012, wherein it has been opined that evidence

of rape is present, considering the nature of genital injury, which

further stands corroborated from the report of the Forensic

Science Laboratory, Bihar, Patna, dated 24.8.2012, according to

which blood has been detected on the clothes of the prosecutrix
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while semen has been detected on her undergarment (panty). It

is not necessary that semen / sperm should be found within the

vagina.

12. It is a well-settled law that in a case of rape, the testimony

of a prosecutrix stands on a better footing as compared to that of

an injured witness and it is really not necessary to insist for

corroboration, if the evidence of the prosecutrix inspires

confidence and appears to be credible. It is equally a well-

settled law that conviction can be recorded on the sole testimony

of the prosecutrix, if her evidence inspires confidence and there

is absence of circumstances, which militate against her veracity.

Reference, in this connection be had to the judgment, rendered

by the Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Wahid Khan vs. State

of Madhya Pradesh, reported in (2010) 2 SCC 9 as also to the

judgment, rendered in the case of Vijay @ Chinee vs. State of

Madhya Pradesh, reported in (2010) 8 SCC 191. It would be

gainful to refer to yet another judgment, rendered by the

Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Sham Singh vs. State of

Haryana, reported in (2018) 18 SCC 34, paragraphs no. 6 and 7

whereof are reproduced herein below:-

“6. We are conscious that the courts shoulder a great
responsibility while trying an accused on charges of rape.
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They must deal with such cases with utmost sensitivity.
The courts should examine the broader probabilities of a
case and not get swayed by minor contradictions or
insignificant discrepancies in the statement of the
prosecutrix, which are not of a fatal nature, to throw out
an otherwise reliable prosecution case. If the evidence of
the prosecutrix inspires confidence, it must be relied upon
without seeking corroboration of her statement in
material particulars. If for some reason the court finds it
difficult to place implicit reliance on her testimony, it may
look for evidence which may lend assurance to her
testimony, short of corroboration required in the case of
an accomplice. The testimony of the prosecutrix must be
appreciated in the background of the entire case and the
court must be alive to its responsibility and be sensitive
while dealing with cases involving sexual molestations or
sexual assaults. [See State of Punjab v.Gurmit Singh
[State of Punjab v.Gurmit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384: 1996
SCC (Cri) 316] (SCC p. 403, para 21).]

7. It is also by now well settled that the courts must, while
evaluating evidence, remain alive to the fact that in a
case of rape, no self-respecting woman would come
forward in a court just to make a humiliating statement
against her honour such as is involved in the commission
of rape on her. In cases involving sexual molestation,
supposed considerations which have no material effect on
the veracity of the prosecution case or even discrepancies
in the statement of the prosecutrix should not, unless the
discrepancies are such which are of fatal nature, be
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allowed to throw out an otherwise reliable prosecution
case. The inherent bashfulness of the females and the
tendency to conceal outrage of sexual aggression are
factors which the courts should not overlook. The
testimony of the victim in such cases is vital and unless
there are compelling reasons which necessitate looking
for corroboration of her statement, the courts should find
no difficulty to act on the testimony of a victim of sexual
assault alone to convict an accused where her testimony
inspires confidence and is found to be reliable. Seeking
corroboration of her statement before relying upon the
same, as a rule, in such cases amounts to adding insult to
injury. (See Ranjit Hazarika v. State of Assam [Ranjit
Hazarika v. State of Assam, (1998) 8 SCC 635]).”

13. We find that the evidence of the prosecutrix is not only

credible but also reliable and fully trustworthy as also there is

no reason to doubt about the genuineness of the same, hence,

the conviction of the appellant, relying on the sole testimony of

the prosecutrix, can definitely be sustained. In the case of

Ganesan vs. State, reported in (2020) 10 SCC 573, the Hon’ble

Apex Court has observed and held that there can be a conviction

on the sole testimony of the victim / prosecutrix when the

deposition of the prosecutrix is found to be trustworthy,

unblemished and credible.

14. As regards the farbeyan / FIR being not exhibited and
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proved, this Court would refer to the observations of the

Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in the case of Krishna Mochi

& Others vs. State of Bihar, reported in (2002) 6 SCC 81,

wherein it has been held that even if the first information report

is not proved, it would not be a ground for acquittal but the case

would depend upon the evidence led by the prosecution. In the

present case, the occurrence, as narrated in the fardbeyan / FIR,

has also been narrated in the evidence of P.W.2 and P.W. 8,

hence, merely because the fardbeyan / FIR has not been

exhibited in the present case, the same has neither caused any

prejudice to the appellant nor it makes any material difference.

As far as non-examination of investigating officer is concerned,

we find that the Appellant has failed to demonstrate the

prejudice caused to him, hence the same cannot in any manner

effect the prosecution case. It is a well settled law that the

persecution case need not fail solely due to non-examination of

the Investigation Officer, as long as the eye-witness (prosecutrix

in the present case) credibility stays intact. Reference in this

connection be had to a judgment rendered by the Hon’ble Apex

Court in the case of Behari Prasad & Ors. vs. The State of

Bihar, reported in (1996) 2 SCC 317. As regards the contention

of the learned counsel for the appellant to the effect that Section
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53 of the Cr.P.C. has been violated, we find that in the present

case Section 53A of the Cr.P.C. would be applicable and not

Section 53 of the Cr.P.C.. Moreover, the appellant was arrested

after four days of commission of the offence, hence, the

Investigating Officer might not have thought it proper to get the

appellant examined by a Medical Practitioner in view of the fact

that no recovery of the clothes of the appellant bearing

bloodstains / semen was made. In fact, if the appellant was

sanguine about his innocence, he could have moved an

application before the learned Trial Court for examination of his

semen / getting DNA test of his blood sample, hair, skin, tissue

etc. conducted, for the purposes of matching the same with the

semen / spermatozoa found on the undergarment of the

prosecutrix, however he remained reticent.

15. Considering the facts and circumstances of the present

case and the evidence, which has been brought on record to

prove the allegations levelled against the appellant beyond pale

of any reasonable doubt as well as considering the credibility

and trustworthiness of the evidence of the prosecution, which

has not been discredited during the course of cross-examination,

coupled with the medical report / FSL report, there is no reason

to create any doubt. We have examined the materials available
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on record and do not find any apparent error in the impugned

judgment of conviction and sentence, hence, the same does not

require any interference.

16. Before parting, we may hasten to add that rape is the most

heinous crime, not only against the victim but also the society at

large which leaves the victims with deep emotional scar apart

from being an unlawful intrusion on the right of privacy and

sanctity of a female. Sexual violence is not only a barbaric act

but a crime against basic human rights as also violative of the

victim’s fundamental right, namely the right to life, as enshrined

under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, thus, the Courts

are not only expected to deal with cases of rape with utmost

sensitivity but also sternly and mercilessly.

17. Accordingly, the present appeal i.e. Criminal Appeal (DB)

No. 505 of 2015 stands dismissed.

(Mohit Kumar Shah, J)

(Shailendra Singh, J)

Ajay/-

AFR/NAFR                AFR
CAV DATE                16.1.2025
Uploading Date          18.01.2025
Transmission Date       NA
 

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